Considerations
It may be hard to tell if someone is having a seizure. Some seizures only cause a person to have staring spells, which may go unnoticed. Specific symptoms of a seizure depend on what part of the brain is involved. They occur suddenly and may include:
Change in alertness; the person cannot remember a period of time
Mood changes, such as unexplainable fear, panic, joy, or laughter
Change in sensation of the skin, usually spreading over the arm, leg, or trunk
Vision changes, including seeing flashing lights
Rarely, hallucinations (seeing things that aren't there)
Falling, loss of muscle control, occurs very suddenly
Muscle twitching that may spread up or down an arm or leg
Muscle tension or tightening that causes twisting of the body, head, arms, or legs
Shaking of the entire body
Tasting a bitter or metallic flavor
Symptoms may stop after a few minutes, or continue for 15 minutes. They rarely continue longer.
Common Causes
Causes of seizures can include:
Abnormal levels of sodium or glucose in the blood
Brain injury (such as stroke or a head injury)
Brain injury that occurs to the baby during labor or childbirth
Brain problems that occur before birth (congenital brain defects)
Brain tumor or bleeding in the brain
Dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease
High fever
Illnesses that cause the brain to deteriorate
Infections that affect the brain, such as meningitis, encephalitis, neurosyphilis, or AIDS
Kidney or liver failure
Phenylketonuria (PKU), which can cause seizures in infants
Use of illegal street drugs, such as cocaine or amphetamines
Withdrawal from alcohol after drinking a lot on most days
Withdrawal from certain drugs, including some painkillers and sleeping pills
Sometimes no cause can be identified. This is called idiopathic seizures. They usually are seen in children and young adults but can occur at any age. There may be a family history of epilepsy or seizures.
If seizures repeatedly continue after the underlying problem is treated, the condition is called EPILEPSY.
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